Even though the cap exploded away from the rocket, the bottle moved in the opposite direction as well although not nearly as much. This is due to Newton's third law which states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. In this case, the force of the expanding gas in the bottle caused the projectile to launch and the bottle to move back equally. The projectile went further because it had less mass to it compared to the bottle.
Error Analysis
The bottle rocket fell of the rollers several times thus incorporating friction into our data which was unintentional. The rollers were intended to get rid of the friction variable but the force was just too much for the straws to stay in position. Another possibility for error was how deep the stopper went into the neck of the bottle after each trial. And finally, since we had to make our own troughs, we had to adjust the experiment to however much sodium hydrogen carbonate can fit inside our trough, thus giving us different measurement
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